The heat of the sun evaporates water from the earths surface into the atmosphere, leaving impurities behind. It is capable of providing safe drinking water to household and other applications in small quantity. Senior project advisor art maccarley department head. Solar powered distillation of water can be defined as measures to separate and extract clean water by vaporization. This report includes the work that has been done for the course ene 500. Solar water distillation is the process of using the energy from sunlight to separate freshwater from salts or other contaminants. Solar distillation is a simple and costeffective lowcarbon technology. A project report on solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in mechanical engineering from rajasthan technical university, kota session 2012 guided by. The secondary goal of the project was to design the device to introduce heatless light into indoor spaces via a. According to this analysis, the sea water desalination process by solar distillation seems to be influenced by the different effects that have an impact on the considered still yield as, the solar energy, the distilled water temperatures, the thickness of the water layer and the salts deposit. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report 1. Passive solar water distillation is an inexpensive, lowtech alternative for pure drinking water without bottles, including types of distillers, cost comparisons, going automatic or electric.
They are used in areas where drinking water is unavailable, so that clean water is obtained from dirty water or from plants by exposing them to sunlight. Solar distillation still northern arizona university. Solar water pasteurization and indoor lighting in the. Alternative water sources description solar water distillation is the process of using the energy from sunlight to separate freshwater from salts or other contaminants. How solar powered distillation of water works energy. Distillation is a process that removes filth and contaminants to produce still water from available water. Design and fabrication of solar water distillation system for. This can be particularly useful to turn seawater, brackish or even contaminated water into clean water safe for drinking. A project report on solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of deptt. This project is not really expensive and lots of you can make this at home too. Water may be considered a more important resource than energy, given that a water crisis is life threatening. Another excellent publication is solar distillation as a means of meeting smallscale water demands, published in 1970 by the united nations. Current designs for solar coproduction of water and electricity are considered. Solar water distillation safe drinking water foundation.
It has been an essential part of nature since the earth began. Solar distillation using a solar still is an example of direct solar desalination. Often the only available drinking water is saline, may have an elevated fluoride concentration, and may also have a significant fecal coliform load. However, fresh water may be produced from sea or brackish water using energy. Design and fabrication of solar water distillation system. Passive systems are those in which solar energy is collected by the structure elements basin liner for evaporation of saline water. The article concludes by summarizing the prospects for cost ef. There is an important need for clean, pure drinking water in many developing countries. Solar distillation systems can be classified as passive and active. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report slideshare. Abstract this senior project discusses the design and construction of a solar powered water purification system.
For large quantity, multiple units of solar distillation system are required. Solar distillation is an attractive process to produce portable water using free of cost solar energy. Distillation is simply the most effective and reliable method of producing pure drinking water. Thermal modeling and efficiency of solar water distillation. Solar desalination for domestic applicationsmehdi n. The carocell panels provide clean, drinkable water with no ongoing expense and requiring. Voltek water has launched a low cost, low maintenance passive solar distiller salstill to help alleviate the chronic. Introduction for desired amount of solar radiations to be incident in the project aims at producing distilled water using solar energy to cater to the daily requirement of lead acid battery retailers. This process is used when the water is brackish containing harmful bacteria, or for settling out heavy metals and also for desalination of sea water. The general perception of solar desalination today comprises only small scale technologies for decentralised water supply in remote places, which may be quite important for the development of rural areas, but do not address the increasing water deficits of the quickly growing urban centres of demand. The main objective of this project was to design and prototype a compact solar water pasteurization device that is easy to use, easy to construct, and reliable. After intensive research and testing, f cubed developed the world leading low cost and environmentally friendly carocell solar distillation technology. Design, fabrication and working of solar distillation system. May 22, 2014 firstly, unlike fossil fuels and nuclear power, it is an environmentally clean source of energy.
The plate collector has a transparent glass cover above and a layer of thermal insulation beneath it. Solar distillation differs from other forms of desalination that are more energyintensive, such as methods such as reverse osmosis, or simply boiling water due to its use of free energy. One of the effective measure is the distillation process using solar energy. So inorder to overcome this issue, we have to take steps to reuse the contaminated water. The purpose of this project is to analyze a solar water distillation. Efficiency of the solar water distillation device can be enhanced by increasing evaporation rate that is a. Fabrication of solar water distillation deepak kumar nonconventional resources laboratory, department of mechanical. Heat generated by the condensation of water vapor is utilized to heat the salt. Build and test a solar powered device for desalinating water and investigate how the color of the bottom of the device affects its efficiency.
Design and construction of a solar water purification system. Solardriven desalination by membrane distillation using ceramic membranes location. This process is used when the water is brackish containing harmful bacteria, or for settling out heavy metals and. Desalination and water purification research and development program report no 183. The manual control will be approximate, as the water level can not be. Indirect solar desalination systems comprise two subsystems.
Solar water distillation uses a solar still to condense pure water vapor and settle out harmful substances to make clean, pure drinking water. Solar distillation stills use heat from the sun to clean water. Jan 07, 2018 how the low cost passive solar distiller salstill from voltek water works. Solar distillation an overview sciencedirect topics. The main goal of this thesis was to contribute to improving water quality by building a solar water distillation system. The heat causes the water to evaporate, cool, and condense into vapour, leaving the contaminants beh. The project involves designing and fabricating a solar still which can produce sufficient amount of distilled water on a daily basis to cater to the needs of lead acid. I only drink distilled water and it has changed my life. A solar water heating unit comprises a blackened flat plate metal collector with an associated metal tubing facing the general direction of the sun.
Solar powered water distillation device northeastern university. As the system is meant for local communities in somalia, the technology should be easy and without modern control system. The purpose of this project is to design a water distillation system that can purify water from nearly. Jul 06, 2016 i have been wanting to do this project for some time now. Were here to help you navigate stem learning at home while schools are closed due to covid19. Once the sun path has been determined, students are required to construct a model of a solar distillation unit. Transient thermal modeling of a prototype solar distiller to ascertain fresh water production as a function of time, with extrapolation up to a fullscale unit. The history of solar powered water distillation started with aristotle, already back in the 4 th century bc. It consist of shallow, bracken basin of salineimpure water covered with a sloping transparent roof solar radiation that passes through the transparent roof heats the water in blackened basin. Carocell solar desalination purification technology. Solar distillation offers an opportunity to provide a lowtech solution yielding high quality water for people living in rural rajasthan. Project proposal solar powered water pumping system a project proposal by. Largescale sea water desalination processes are discussed, and an example project on the persian gulf coast is. Aug 26, 20 solar still,a water purifying technique project report 1.
The untreated water is placed into a still basin which absorbs heat, eventually reaching high temperatures, causing the water to evaporate, cool and condense into vapour, leaving the contaminants in the underlying basin. Water vapor is condensed in a condenser disposed between the cell and the collection system. Build and test a solarpowered device for desalinating water and investigate how the color of the bottom of the device affects its efficiency. A submerged fresh water collection system underlies the cell. The input of this device would be salt water from coastal regions. Salstill passive solar distiller animation youtube. Pdf design and construction of solar water distillation. Technical report containing research on the performance of various types of parabolic. Secondly, it is free and available in adequate quantity.
Introduction water scarcity is a growing problem for large regions of the world. The test report on the rain water sample before and after purification is listed in table 4. Modification and operation of a full solar distillation desalination unit at the bgndrf site at alamogordo, new mexico, phase ii. Concentrating solar power for seawater desalination. Economic feasibility evaluation of solar distillation systems. This poor water quality often causes sickness among villagers. The untreated water is placed into a still basin which absorbs heat, eventually. Parabolic solar water distillation solar energy at sdsu.
The solar water distillation comes out to be a nontoxic and promising device which purifies water that uses a renewable solar energy source, efficiency of the solar water distillation device can be enhanced by increasing evaporation rate that is a. A solar still distills water with substances dissolved in it by using the heat of the sun to evaporate water so that it may be cooled and collected, thereby purifying it. There are two types of construction for the solar water distillation plant. An ultraviolet water treatment system was designed and built to demonstrate the capability of off the grid water treatment. Project report on solar energy environmental pollution. Doubleeffect absorption heat pumps coupled to multieffect distillation plants. Firstly, unlike fossil fuels and nuclear power, it is an environmentally clean source of energy. I have been wanting to do this project for some time now. There are many processes available for purification of drinking water like chlorine tablets, pot chlorination of wells, slow a nd rapid sand filters, fluoride removal, reverse osmosis plants, etc. The untreated water absorbs heat, slowly reaching high temperatures. A partial vacuum is created in the solar cell for drawing water vapor from the cell to the collection system.
Modification and operation of a full solar distillation. Solar desalination modular solar panels solar water. The purpose of this project is to fabricate a solar water distillation system that can purify the water, which is impure by using a systematic arrangement must have low cost for manufacturing and works based on renewable energy of solar. Pb 201 029 from the national technical information service, order department, springfield, va 22161. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report. A very common and, by far, the largest example of solar distillation is the natural water cycle that the earth experiences. Solar distillation is another application which dates back to the nineteenth century and the simplest form of water still now in use is basically unchanged from the early designs which consisted of a shallow tray, filled with salt or brackish water, and covered by a sloping glass cover plate. Design and construction of a solar water purification. Design and construction of a solar water purification system using ultraviolet radiation bryan wilson december 12, 2014 z15lf signature 1sbr date. This project will develop and test ceramic membranes for solardriven membrane distillation md systems for desalination. How the low cost passive solar distiller salstill from voltek water works. The solar distiller should be able to provide a small family with two to four gallons of drinking water per day.
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